Ipak qurti urug‘chiligida kapalak chiqarishni sinxronlashtiruvchi LED fotoperiod moslamasining elektrotexnik asoslari

Литература (34)

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9. 9. S.N. Grigoriev, T.V. Tarasova, Possibilities of the technology of additive production for making complex-shape parts and depositing functional coatings from metallic powders, Metal Sci Heat Treatment 57 (2016) 579-584 IPAK QURTI URUG‘CHILIGIDA KAPALAK CHIQARISHNI SINXRONLASHTIRUVCHI LED FOTOPERIOD MOSLAMASINING ELEKTROTEXNIK ASOSLARI Mirzamaxmudov U.A., Sharibayev N.Yu., Murodov R.S. Namangan davlat texnika universiteti. Annotatsiya. Maqolada ipak qurti (Bombyx mori) urug‘chiligida kapalak chiqarish jarayonini sinxronlashtirish uchun mo‘ljallangan LED fotoperiod moslamasining elektrotexnik asoslari tadqiq etilgan. LED yoritgichlarning elektr va fotometrik parametrlari tahlil qilinib, PWM hamda 0–10V dimming usullarining qiyosiy baholashi keltirilgan. Kamerada yoritishni bir tekis taqsimlash modeli va energiyatejamkorlik yechimlari ishlab chiqilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: LED fotoperiod, ipak qurti, kapalak sinxronligi, sirkad ritm, PWM dimming, lyuksmetriya, bir tekislik, energiya samaradorligi, fotometrik parametrlar, elektr xavfsizligi. ELECTROTECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF LED PHOTOPERIOD DEVICE FOR SYNCHRONIZING MOTH EMERGENCE IN SERICULTURE Mirzamakhmudov U.A., Sharibayev N.Yu., Murodov R.S. Namangan state technical university. Annotation. The article investigates electrotechnical fundamentals of an LED photoperiod device for synchronizing moth emergence in sericulture. Electrical and photometric LED parameters are analyzed, a comparative assessment of PWM and 0–10V dimming is presented. A computational model for uniform light distribution and energysaving solutions have been developed. Keywords: LED photoperiod, sericulture, moth synchronization, circadian rhythm, PWM dimming, luxmetry, uniformity, energy efficiency, photometric parameters, electrical safety. Development of science and technology Scientific and technical journal №2/2026
10. Mashinasozlik va energetika Kirish. Ipakchilik sanoatida tut ipak qurti (Bombyx mori) urug‘chiligining hal qiluvchi bosqichlaridan biri g‘umbakdan kapalak (imago) chiqarish jarayonidir. Ushbu jarayonning sinxronligi bevosita urug‘chilikning umumiy samaradorligiga ta’sir etadi, chunki erkak va urg‘ochi kapalaklar bir vaqtda chiqishi juftlashish foizini sezilarli oshiradi
11. [1]. Bombyx mori ning imago chiqish ritmi sirkad soat mexanizmi tomonidan boshqariladi va bu mexanizm fotoperiodga — yorug‘lik va qorong‘ulik almashinuvi davomiyligiga bog‘liq [2, 3]. An’anaviy cho‘g‘lanma va lyuminessent lampalar yuqori issiqlik ajratish, past samaradorlik va spektral boshqaruv cheklanganligi kabi kamchiliklarga ega
12. [4]. LED texnologiyalari yuqori samaradorlik (120–200 lm/W), uzoq xizmat muddati (50000+ soat) va past issiqlik ajratishi bilan bu muammolarni hal etadi
13. [5]. Maqolada LED fotoperiod moslamasining elektrotexnik asoslari: fotoperiodizmning biologik mexanizmi, LED parametrlari, boshqaruv usullari, yoritish bir tekisligi hisob-modeli va energiya tejamkorlik masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Yechiladigan muammo va masalaning qo‘yilishi. Bombyx mori da sirkad ritm bosh miyadagi soat genlari — period (per), timeless (tim), Clock (Clk) va cycle (cyc) tomonidan boshqariladi
14. [2]. Kriptoxrom-1 (cry1) geni foto-retseptor sifatida sirkad soatning yorug‘likka sinxronlanishini ta’minlaydi
15. [3]. Imago chiqish ritmini matematik tarzda sirkad ossilyator modeli bilan ifodalash mumkin: θ(t) = θ0 + ωt + A·sin(2πt/T + φ), (1) bu yerda: θ(t) — sirkad faza, ω — burchak chastotasi (rad/soat), T — sirkad davri (≈24 soat), A — yorug‘lik signali amplitudasi, φ — boshlang‘ich faza. L:D nisbati orqali A va φ ni boshqarish kapalak chiqishni sinxronlashtiradi. Asosiy muammo an’anaviy yoritish manbalari fotoperiodning aniq boshqarilishini ta’minlamaydi. Cho‘g‘lanma lampalar quvvatning 90–95% ini issiqlikka aylantiradi, kamera haroratini buzadi. Lyuminessent lampalarning dimming imkoniyati cheklangan. Masala: 1,2×0,8×0,6 m kamerada L:D = 16:8 rejimda 500–800 lx yoritilganlikka ega, U1 ≥ 0,7 bir tekislikdagi LED tizimi parametrlarini asoslash. 1-rasm. Fotoperiod rejimining imago chiqish sinxronligi va juftlashish foiziga ta’siri 1-rasmdan ko‘rinib turibdiki, L:D = 16:8 rejimi eng yuqori sinxronlik (90%) va juftlashish (85%) ko‘rsatkichlarini beradi. Qorong‘ulik (0:24) da sinxronlik 35% ga tushadi, bu sirkad soatning yorug‘liksiz buzilishini tasdiqlaydi
16. [3]. Eksperiment va olingan natijalarning tahlili. LED ning volt-amper xarakteristikasi Shokli tenglamasi bilan tavsiflanadi: “Fan va texnologiyalar taraqqiyoti” Ilmiy-texnikaviy jurnal №2/2026
17. Mechanical engineering and energy I = Is · (exp(V / n·VT) – 1), (2) bu yerda: Is — to‘yinish oqimi, n — ideallik koeffitsiyenti (1≤2), VT = kT/q ≈ 26 mV. Iste’mol quvvati va lyuminoz samaradorlik: P = Vf · If (3); ηL = Φv / P [lm/W]. (4) 2-rasm. Yoritish manbalarining lyuminoz samaradorligi qiyosiy diagrammasi 2-rasmdan ko‘rinib turibdiki, LED (oq) ning ηL = 200 lm/W ko‘rsatkichi cho‘g‘lanma lampadan 13 marta, lyuminessent lampadan 2,7 marta yuqori. 1-jadval. Yoritish manbalarining qiyosiy parametrlari Parametr Cho‘g‘lanma Lyuminessent LED (oq) LED (ko‘k) LED (qizil) ηL, lm/W 12–18 60–90 120–200 30–50 40–80 Xizmat, soat 1 000 8–15 000 50 000+ 50 000+ 50 000+ Issiqlik, % 90–95 60–70 15–25 15–25 15–25 Dimming Cheklangan Murakkab PWM/0– 10V PWM/0– 10V PWM/0–10V PWM dimming usulida LED tok ma’lum chastotada (1–20 kHz) yoqiladi-o‘chiriladi. O‘rtacha tok va yorug‘lik oqimi: Iavg = D · Ipeak (5); Φavg = D · Φmax. (6) 3-rasm. PWM dimming signali va LED tok diagrammasi (D = 75% va D = 25%) Development of science and technology Scientific and technical journal №2/2026
18. Mashinasozlik va energetika 3-rasmda PWM signalining ikki xil to‘ldirish koeffitsiyentidagi ko‘rinishi tasvirlangan. D = 75% da o‘rtacha tok Ipakning 75% ini tashkil etadi, rang xarakteristikasi o‘zgarmaydi [6]. 2-jadval. PWM va 0–10V dimming usullarining qiyosiy tahlili Parametr PWM 0–10V (analog) Dimming diapazoni 0,1–100% 10–100% Rang barqarorligi ΔCCT <
19. 50 K ΔCCT 200–500 K Aniqligi ±1% ±5–10% Energiya samaradorligi 95–98% 85–92% Fotoperiodga mosligi Juda mos Qisman mos Nuqtaviy manbadan yoritilganlik va bir tekislik: E = (I · cos³θ) / d² (7) ; Etotal = Σ (Ii · cos³θi) / di². (8) U1 = Emin / Eavg ; U2 = Emin / Emax. (9) Kamera o‘lchamlari 1,2×0,8×0,6 m, LED–ish yuzasi masofasi d = 0,55 m. Lyumen usuli: Φtotal = (E · A) / (UF · MF) = (650 × 0,96) / (0,75 × 0,9) ≈ 924 lm. (10) Ptotal = 924 / 150 ≈ 6,2 W. (11) 4-rasmda 4 ta LED panelning 2×2 sxemadagi joylashuvi va natijadagi yoritilganlik taqsimoti ko‘rsatilgan. Hisob natijalari: U1 = 0,83 ≥ 0,70, U2 = 0,71 ≥ 0,70 — talab qanoatlantirildi. 4-rasm. Kamerada LED panellar joylashuvi (chapda) va yoritilganlik xaritasi (o‘ngda) Fotoperiod moslamasining bir tsikl energiya sarfi (L:D = 16:8): Wcycle = Ptotal · tL + Pstandby · tD = 6,2×16 + 0,5×8 ≈ 0,103 kVt·soat. (12) Olingan natijalarning qo‘llanilish sohalari. LED fotoperiod moslamasining elektrotexnik asoslari urug‘chilik stansiyalarini modernizatsiya qilishda qo‘llaniladi — cho‘g‘lanma lampalarni LED ga almashtirish energiyani 88–90% ga tejaydi va harorat rejimini barqarorlashtiradi. Ishlab chiqilgan hisob-model turli o‘lchamdagi kameralar uchun LED joylashuvini optimallashtirishda universal vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. PWM boshqaruv tizimi turli fotoperiod rejimlarini (16:8, 14:10, 12:12) aniq amalga oshirish imkonini beradi [7]. “Fan va texnologiyalar taraqqiyoti” Ilmiy-texnikaviy jurnal №2/2026
20. Mechanical engineering and energy 5-rasm. L:D = 16:8 fotoperiod ssenariysi va energiya sarfi taqsimoti 3-jadval. Energiya sarfi taqqoslashi (bir tsikl, 24 soat) Parametr Cho‘g‘lanma Lyuminessent LED moslama Quvvat, W 55–65 12–18 6,2 Kunlik, kVt·soat 0,88–1,04 0,19–0,29 0,103 Oylik, kVt·soat 26,4–31,2 5,8–8,6 3,1 Tejash, % — (baza) 70–75 88–90 Moslamaning
21. 24 V DC SELV standarti va IP65 himoya darajasi yuqori namlik (RH = 70– 85%) sharoitida xavfsiz foydalanishni ta’minlaydi. Izolyatsiya qarshiligi Rins ≥
22. 1 MΩ (500 V DC sinov kuchlanishida) talabi bajarilishi shart
23. [8]. Xulosa. L:D = 16:8 fotoperiod rejimi Bombyx mori imago chiqishining eng yuqori sinxronligini (87–92%) va juftlashish muvaffaqiyatini (82–88%) ta’minlaydi. LED yoritgichlar lyuminoz samaradorlik (120–200 lm/W), xizmat muddati (50000+ soat) va past issiqlik ajratishi (15–25%) bo‘yicha an’anaviy manbalardan sezilarli ustun. PWM dimming 0,1–100% diapazonda rang barqarorligini (ΔCCT <
24. 50 K) saqlab, fotoperiod ssenariylarini aniq amalga oshiradi. 1,2×0,8×0,6 m kamerada 4 ta LED panelni 2×2 sxemada joylashtirganda U1 = 0,83 erishildi (talab: U1 ≥ 0,7). LED moslama cho‘g‘lanma lampaga nisbatan energiya sarfini 88–90% ga kamaytiradi (tsikl uchun 0,103 kVt·soat). Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar
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